Madhvacharya (c. 1238-1317) was a prominent advocate of the Bhakti Marg, the path of devotion, for attaining realization of God. He believed that one did not need to renounce the world to experience the Divine. Through logical arguments and extensive references to scriptures, he fervently promoted theism. His philosophical system, known as Dvaita, which means "dualism" or "two realities," laid the foundation for his teachings.

According to Madhvacharya, there are two fundamental realities: the independent reality of the infinitely perfect God, and the dependent reality of the material and spiritual world, both of which rely on God. He emphasized the importance of total surrender to God as the means to attain salvation. By completely surrendering oneself to God, one could achieve liberation and union with the Divine. Madhvacharya's teachings underscore the significance of devotion and the enduring relationship between the divine and the devotee in the quest for spiritual liberation.